It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations brewer, 2003. Start studying social psychology and human nature 4e chapter 14. The expectancyvalue and optimal distinctiveness perspectives are largely overlapping in the way they link social identity processes with an individual s per. A unified theory of weight iv i thank amy weinberg for her continued support and encouragement after my defection from syntax to phonology. Optimal distinctiveness versus selfverification theories. View optimal distinctiveness theory research papers on academia. Terminology as a rubric, identity is a nebulous concept. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations. Pdf optimal distinctiveness theory in nested categorization.
How to build a diverse and inclusive team march 10, 2016 1011am copresenter. Optimal distinctiveness theory fiske 2014 pg 461 bringing. Optimal distinctiveness theory helps to explain existing evidence in ways not previously offered or addressed by theories on selfcategorization, social identity, and uncertainty identity. One explanation is what psychologists call optimal distinctiveness theory the way were constantly jockeying to feel exactly the right degree of similarity to and difference from those. However, as a rst approximation, they will be considered constant in the present paper. The distinctiveness reflects the values that they hold, the culture that they carry in doing things and the things that they offer and so someones distinctiveness is their identity gwinnett, 2011. For example, one might imagine a young teenager in the united states who tries to balance these. We want to be distinctive to a certain degree, but we want to be in a group as well.
Data suggest that these perceptions closely relate to behaviors central to the director role, such as providing insight, challenging the majority, and fulfilling the monitoring function of the board. In this way, optimal distinctiveness theory predicts that judgments of accessibility and fit can be based on our current need for uniqueness or inclusion. Implications of optimal distinctiveness theory ncbi. The optimal distinctiveness model brewer, 1991 posits that humans are characterized by two opposing needs that govern the relationship between the self. Interpersonal level of analysis need to belong theory roy baumeister sociometer theory mark leary attachment theory phil shaver and mario mikulincer shared reality model curtis hardin. Document resume ed 401 024 ps 024 747 author schonpflug, ute. Some, we are born into gender, race and others we choose to take part in what college we choose to attend, clubs, etc. Marilyn brewers optimal distinctiveness theory suggests that most people have two fundamental needs. Optimal distinctiveness applied to trending smartphone case.
Dlynn jacobs, intercultural competence, diversity and inclusion training specialist. Complications to optimal distinctiveness theory the effect of threat on optimal distinctiveness. The goal of this article is to demonstrate that consumers from. Implications of optimal distinctiveness theory for persuasive communication. Since these beginnings, social identity theory has gained a firm. Prince has left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of people everywhere, not only in the usa but also globally. Applications of social identity theory to research and design. A group of 500 is a numerical majority in a social optimal distinctiveness theory 71 context of 600, but a numerical minority in a social context of 6000. Optimal distinctiveness theory research papers academia.
According to optimal distinctiveness theory, individuals strive to maintain a balance between the need to be assimilated by the peers and family, and the need for autonomy and differentiation sorrentino et al, 2009. Optimal distinctiveness theory has been of interest to researchers largely because it offers. Basic premises of the optimal distinctiveness model 66 2. The study analyzed tobacco industry documents and demonstrated attempts to. Optimal distinctiveness applied to trending smartphone. It asserts that individuals desire to achieve an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and as a result, are most likely.
Creating and sustaining a radically distinctive organizational ideology abstract institutional theory has evolved from focusing on organizational conformity towards emphasizing strategic action for institutional change. Applications of social identity theory to research and. Self theory carol dweck uncertainty identity theory michael hogg optimal distinctiveness theory marilynn brewer aggression theory len berkowitz part four. Optimal distinctiveness is defined as the optimal balance or equilibrium between the need to be included in a group or category of similar actors, and the need to be distinct or unique. The optimal distinctiveness theory proposed by brewer 1991 defines distinctiveness as sustenance of identity within assimilation. Connections and differences selfverification theorys prediction that people want others to evaluate them in ways that neither underestimates nor overestimates their selfperceived prototypicality may evoke feelings of.
Relative ingroup size is one way to conceptualize group inclusiveness. The purchase intention for fashion and designer apparel is stimulated among consumers in the social contexts. Building on their definition, the authors then present a framework of inclusion. Brewers 1991 optimal distinctiveness theory suggests that competing. Social psychology and human nature 4e chapter 14 quizlet. Optimal distinctiveness theory assumes that social identification is a means to satisfy two fundamental and competing human needs brewer, 1991. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Using marilyn brewers optimal distinctiveness theory odt as a framework, this article examines how prince negotiated his social identity as an integral part of two worldsafrican americans and the music industry while standing apart from both. Optimal distinctiveness theory in nested categorization contexts.
Sep 26, 2017 prince has left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of people everywhere, not only in the usa but also globally. Subsequently, we discuss the implications of our framework as a guide for future research and practice. Optimal distinctiveness theory definition everyone needs to belong. For example, one might imagine a young teenager in. In academia, identity is defined as a combination of sociocultural characteristics which individuals share, or are presumed to share, with others on. Jun 24, 2016 one explanation is what psychologists call optimal distinctiveness theory the way were constantly jockeying to feel exactly the right degree of similarity to and difference from those. Joseph strategy area paul merage school of business university of california irvine irvine, ca 92617 3 joseph, j. Optimal distinctiveness theory posits that highly valued groups are those that.
Researchers examining optimal distinctiveness theory brewer 1991, show that displays of fan identity offer the benefits associated with ingroup belongingness haggard and williams, 1992 and a sense of uniqueness chan, berger, and van boven 2012. She has always shown an interest in my work, and her unique perspective has certainly led to insights i would otherwise not have made. Even less influential is a hierarchal organization that only values the ideas of its leadership and select group of employees. Dlynn jacobs, intercultural competence, diversity and inclusion training specialist peace corps copresenter.
These two motives are in constant opposition with each other. Brewer, 1991, 1993a,b argues that people can respond to membership of an overly inclusive group by engaging in a drive for subgroup distinctiveness. Sage reference optimal distinctiveness theory dois. The theory of optimal distinctiveness is a theory of the motivational underpinnings of group identification which holds that group identities are selected and maintained to help the individual achieve a balance between the need for inclusion and the need for differentiation from others. Balancing the need to be me with the need to be we. May 07, 2017 connection is understood within research on optimal distinctiveness theory. Doris gildea morgan scholarship award sole recipient, 2009. Optimal distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroupoutgroup differences. Optimal distinctiveness theory dr simon moss sicotests.
Interpersonal level of analysis need to belong theory roy baumeister sociometer theory mark leary attachment theory phil shaver and mario mikulincer shared reality model curtis hardin equity theory elaine hattfield. According to the optimal distinctiveness model, social identities derive from a fundamental tension between two competing social needsthe need for inclusion and a countervailing need for uniqueness and individuation. The theory of optimal distinctiveness was first proposed by dr. Optimal distinctiveness theory in social psychology. Optimal distinctiveness theory marilynn brewer aggression theory len berkowitz part four.
Some applications of optimal control theory of distributed. Optimal distinctiveness theory suggests that individuals have a desire to be similar to others, but also a desire to differentiate themselves, ultimately seeking some balance of these two desires to obtain optimal distinctiveness. Brewer optimal distinctiveness theory executive order 583 3 rules of an inclusive leader. Optimal distinctiveness theory fiske 2014 pg 461 bringing about the behavior in from psych 620 at university of phoenix. She has always shown an interest in my work, and her unique perspective has certainly led to insights i. We want to be an individual within a group, to be different but not too different.
That both of these statements are true is the basis for marilynn brewers theory of optimal distinctiveness, which helps explain why people join social groups and become so attached to the social categories they are part of. Subgroup identification, nested dilemmas and intergroup conflict. Optimal distinctiveness applied to trending smartphone case colors. The original statements of social identity theory tajfel, 1981 and the subsequent development of selfcategorization theory turner et al. Brewer, 1991 which asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of connectedness and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal. Optimal distinctiveness theory optimal distinctiveness theory is a social psychological theory with roots in social identity theory that addresses individuals propensity to identify with groups brewer, 1991, 2012. Smartphone cases have become trendy personal statements.
The purchase intention for fashion and designer apparel is. Optimal distinctiveness theory odt one existing theory that can potentially be applied to explain how individuals might balance these competing motives is optimal distinctiveness theory odt. According to this model, individuals avoid selfconstruals that are either too personalized or. Ethnocentrism and the optimal distinctiveness theory of social. Badea, jetten, czukor, and askevisleherpeux 2010, however, did show that individuals prefer groups that are moderate in size, partly consistent with optimal distinctiveness, unless these participants felt this collective was threatened. The aim of this study was to color forecast smartphone cases using trickle down theory and optimal distinctiveness theory to determine possible socialpsychological meanings associated with selected trending smartphone case colors.
Optimal distinctiveness theory optimal distinctiveness theory was developed to fill a gap in extant theories of social identity. Optimal distinctiveness theory is about social identityhow people come to define themselves in terms of their social group memberships. A hierarchical segregated organization zerosum game. The inclusion paradigm the key to organizational performance.
Academy of management meetings best paper proceedings, honolulu. Some applications of optimal control theory of distributed systems 197 nis an outward unit normal vector. New directions in leadership research conference insead. How psychological needs motivate family firm identifications. Although odt focuses primarily on how individual motives impact the navigation of group memberships, it also. Creates strong sense of social identity and group loyalty. The expectancyvalue and optimal distinctiveness perspectives are largely overlapping in the way. A ust ralian i n tenatio l acad m ic c, a s ra a flourishing.