Yourmouthwhenyou whistleandyourhandswhenyouhandwhistle. Simple harmonic oscillator sho and simple harmonic motion shm. Surface waves capillary waves, like ripples in a pond. Waves tend to be spread out in space or in the medium. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Waves that have compressions and rarefactions perpendicular to the direction of propagationperpendicular to the direction of propagation. Thus, vp 2 q, vg 3 2 vp and shorter wavelength modes move faster. Lectures in all fields of vibrations and waves, usually supplemented by experiments, have. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. When a relatively small object is dropped into water, the nearly circular waves emanating from the disturbance will disperse and shorter wavelengths will travel faster than longer ones. Waves change at b oundaries of media so the properties of the medium determine the wave o depth of water, tension and density of rope, temperature of air, etc. Notes on wave properties and interference definition a form of energy transfer between objects, or that which transmits energy. Topics covered include simple harmonic oscillation, damped and driven harmonic oscillation, coupled oscillations, standing waves, traveling waves, wave pulses, dispersive waves, wave optics, and wave mechanics.
Mfmcgrawphy 2425 chap 15haoscillationsrevised 102012 2 oscillations and waves simple harmonic motion energy in shm some oscillating systems damped oscillations driven oscillations resonance. Lecture notes ocean wave interaction with ships and. The physics of waves howard georgi harvard university originally published by prentice hall englewood cliffs, new jersey 07632. The topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves. Here this lc oscillation act as an source of electromagnetic wave. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. Tides generated in the deep ocean due to the tgf propagate as waves toward the coast. Maxwells equations in integral and differential forms, electrostatics and magnetostatics, electroquasistatics and magnetoquasistatics. The repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves is called an echo. Particles such as protons and electrons can be treated as waves.
A more general oscillation is described by a superposition of the socalled modes. May cover material you are not responsible for but which will benefit your general education on the subject matter. This note is presented to the undergraduate students who are interested in the oscillations and waves. Newton rejected the wave theory for good reason, but assumed the waves would be longitudinal like sound. Pdf this note is presented to the undergraduate students who are interested in the oscillations and waves. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. The periodic motion in which there is existence of a restoring force and the body moves along the same path to and fro about a definite point called equilibrium positionmean position, is. Very good notes on sound waves in physics for class 12 easy to understand covers the topic in detail page 1 of 1 notesgen is the no. Pipes, resonances, standing waves veryfewinstrumentsresemblethebottleweconsideredlasttime. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Constructive and destructive interferences are defined and discussed. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians.
Light, heat infrared, radio waves, rays, xrays etc. Lessons lecture notes the physics classroom conceptual waves. Waves on strings under tension, waves on the surface of water are examples of transverse waves. Transmission refraction of spring waves from light to heavy spring from heavy to light spring the pulse length in heavy spring is always smaller because frequency does not change during transmission and velocity is. Oscillations 15 periods simple harmonic motion physical quantities related to. These notes are of high quality and i am sure these will help you prepare for your examinations. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Notes on wave properties michigan state university.
There are three fundamental experimental results on which nearly. The material in which a wave travels through is called a medium. The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc. Waves and oscillations veer surendra sai university of. Boundary conditions applied to pulses and waves pdf lecture 9. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of electromagnetic radiation and probably gravitational. The unit oscillations and waves has got 100 periods. Suzuki department of physics, state university of new york at binghamton, binghamton, new york 9026000, u. Apr 22, 2019 a motion which repeats itself identically after a fixed interval of time is called periodic motion. Please be ready to take notes on what you discover. How applying f ma to a little piece of string leads to an equation that describes many different waves.
Wave gets smaller due to energy loss, however, retains the same shape. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating charge. The second half of the lecture deals specifically with superposition of waves. Remember that you can pause, fastforward, and rewind at anytime.
Physics is the study of the basic principles that govern the physical world around us. Nov 25, 20 shallow water waves feel bottom move toward land these waves are in water shallower than 120th their wavelength as they reach the shore, friction slows them down, but they do become bigger 9. Wave theory of light by huygens, fresnel, young, etc in geometric optics we learnt light is a stream of straightgoing particles newton proposed that first then we learnt light is a form of em wave. Physicswaves and oscillations pdf download notes and. After we came back from japan, we have written this lecture notes using the mathematica variational method along the content of the book written by prof. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the. It took several weeks for us to finish writing this note. Coastal ocean dynamics john wilkins lecture notes 16. The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation. Oscillations and waves a complete set of lecture notes for a lowerdivision undergraduate course on oscillations and waves. Reflection of spring waves from fixed end from free end b 3. Typical values see hand written notes tides on the continental shelf. When a body or a moving particle repeats its motion along a definite path after regular intervals of time, its motion is said to be periodic motion and interval of time is called time or harmonic motion period t. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves.
Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. Types of waves there are several different types of wave that we must consider. The motion in which repeats after a regular interval of time is called periodic motion. May cover material you are not responsible for but which will. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves.
Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware. The waves which do not require medium for their propagation are called non mechanical or electromagnetic waves. Basic properties of the waves such as velocity, energy, intensity, and frequency are discussed through a variety of examples. Af ter we came back from ja pan, we have written this lecture notes using the mathematica var iational method along the content of the book.
Lecture notes 10 wave guides and guided em waves we considerinvestigate the conditions under which em waves can propagate when confined to the interior of some kind of hollow pipe also know as a wave guide. Make sure that your sound is turned to a reasonable volume. Electromagnetic waves can electric and magnetic fields travel through space on their own. For each patientrelated voice analysis, a pdf file with color print can. Based on the wave theory, poisson, aragoand fresnel predicted that there should be a bright spot at the center of a circular shadow. Remember tracing light as lines through a curved lens and seeing whether the image was inverted or right side up and so on. We dont offer credit or certification for using ocw. An order of magnitude estimate of the change in wave height can be calculated by considering conservation of wave energy. Sound waves in air are created by making a surface vibrate so it sends compression waves through the surrounding air.
Applications of electromagnetic fields and waves in industry and research. The crest of a spilling wave slides down the face of the wave as it breaks on shore. Sound waves, seismic waves and waves on strings are known as mechanical waves. One of the simplest models in the classical mechanics is a simple harmonics. Apr 22, 2019 the repetition of sound caused by the reflection of sound waves is called an echo. Lecture note on oscillations and waves researchgate. Waves that pass through a substance are vibrations which pass through that substance. Freely browse and use ocw materials at your own pace. A periodic motion taking place to and fro or back and forth about a fixed point, is called oscillatory motion, e. The waves which do not require medium for their propagation i. Wave equation in 2d and 3d, timeindependent fourier analysis pdf. Oscillations, waves, and interactions universitatsverlag gottingen. This raytracing business is known as geometrical optics.
Wave moves down medium at constant speed, to medium. Hi friends here i am uploading some amazing lecture notesebook for first year engineering subject physics. Spilling waves occur on gradually sloping ocean bottoms. The wave equation, solutions to the wave equation lecture 8. The energyintensity carried by waves is proportional to the square of whatever waves at least for linear waves. The minimum distance from a sound reflecting surface to hear an echo is 16. August 10, 2009 abstract this note is presented to the undergraduate students who are interested in the oscillations and waves. Not guaranteed to cover all the material you are responsible for on the homework or exams. The resulting disturbance at any point in a region where waves overlap is the algebraic sum of the constituent waves at that point. A mechanical wave is created when a source of energy causes a vibration to travel through a medium. Although a somewhat nonintuitive mathematical abstraction a.
Waves in atmosphere perturbation method properties of wave shallow water model gravity waves rossbywaves ess228 prof. Gcse revision notes physics revision notes waves 1. Pdf lecture note on oscillations and waves researchgate. We will start with periodic motion for the first two lectures, with our. Introduction to waves mechanical waves and sound physics. But we had learnt all waves have common characteristic properties such as.
Oscillations and waves university of texas at austin. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves periodic motion. Light, heat are the examples of nonmechanical wave. We will start with periodic motion for the rst two lectures, with our speci c examples being the motion of a mass attached to the end of a spring, and the pendulum. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the. Ip issues and luminosity the two primary parameters for a linear collider are the centerofmass cms energy and the luminosity. The path of periodic motion may be linear, circular. The vector r denotes the location in space where the. A century later it was postulated that light could be a transverse wave. A mechanical wave is a disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. Lecture note on oscillations and waves masatsugu suzuki and itsuko s. Hecht, optics 4th edition highly recommended lecture. Lecture 1 course syllabus overview lecture 2 harmonic oscillations complex numbers lecture 3 two coupled oscillators normal modes lecture 4 normal mode coordinates initial value problem homework 1 lecture 5 linear chain normal modes lecture 6 traveling waves, standing waves, and the dispersion relation. In free spacevacuum, the speed of propagation of em waves is.
Electromagnetic waves 1 light as waves in previous classes 15a, high school physics, you learned to think about light as rays. Waves on string and spring, waves on water surface, sound waves, seismic waves. We can also prove in case of reflection at brewster. Use ocw to guide your own lifelong learning, or to teach others. Lecture notes are provided twice, with 6 slides per page and 2 slides per page. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. A complete set of lecture notes for a lowerdivision undergraduate course on oscillations and waves. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia.
The luminosity, multiplied by the crosssection of interest, gives the event rate. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. These waves do not need a medium in which to propagate light waves. Jinyi yu waves in the atmosphere and oceans external gravity wave shallowwater gravity wave internal gravity buoyancy wave inertialgravity wave. There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs.